Alternatives to Animal Experimentation Essay - 2214 Words

Alternatives to Animal Experimentation The search for alternative methods to animal testing is underway in many laboratories across the entire world. While success has been made, the research is far from over. These alternatives have been developed using the concept of the three R’s. In 1959, William Russell and Rex Burch defined the principle of the three R’s in the book Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. The three R’s are reduction, refinement, and finally replacement (5). The first concept, reduction alternatives, covers any strategy that will result in fewer animals being used to obtain the same amount of information. Also, reduction refers to maximizing the information obtained per animal so as to limit or avoid†¦show more content†¦It does not require excessive funding to enrich the environment in which the animals live in. For example, toilet paper rolls, egg cartons, and PVC tubing can provide rodents with places to hide. Bales of straw and rubber tires can be used to create an area for rabbits to interact with other members of their species. Dogs can be given numerous toys to play with, and be provided with a raised platform so they are not forced to stand in their own waste. It is also important for the staff of the facility to be well trained in handling the animals that are being used, and that they have the correct attitude when working with the animals. Anesthesia should be used whenever possible, and at the end of the experim ent, the most humane method of euthanasia should be chosen. The final concept of the three R’s is replacement. Any experimental system that does not use whole, living animals is considered to be a replacement alternative. Some of these techniques still involve the humane killing of an animal for the purpose of obtaining cells, tissues, or organs for in vitro studies. Other techniques involve no use of any biological material from a fully developed vertebrate, non-human animal. In some cases, replacement methods can be used for the total replacement of animals in a study, in others they will complement animal experiments and reduce the total number of animals used in the whole project. Replacement alternatives can beShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation Issues and Alternatives Essay2264 Words   |  10 Pages1. INTRODUCTION Currently, Animals experimentation is becoming a controversial topic. As millions of creatures have been tested to benefit human life. A simple definition of this procedure is observing scientific laboratory examinations on live animals. There are many campaigns around the world which reject these tests and request the alternatives. They believe that this kind of experimentation is harmful for people as much as it is cruel to animals while others argue these experiments are substantialRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned848 Words   |  4 Pages As a society we have failed to notice, it’s everywhere. The animal testing footprint. Aeroguard, Chapstick, Michael Kors, Palmolive and Dettol: these common household brands all have the dark footprints of animal experimentation embedded into it. Each year over 6.5 million animals are brutally tested, killed or harmed in Australia and New Zealand, for many brands across the nation. You may think that Animal Testing has nothing to do with you but the real truth is, it does. It’s unavoidable toRead MoreEssay about We Must Search for Alternatives to Animal Testing1223 Words   |  5 Pagesdisease thanks to animal research but is animal research always beneficial? â€Å"Treat others as you would want to be treated,† is what the Golden Rule has taught us for many years. Should we not treat animals the same way we want to be treated in return? The topic of animals being used in medical research has been controversial for many years. One side of the argument says that using animals is the only way to safely test a product before it reaches the public, but others say alternatives should be pursuedRead MoreAnimal Welfare Campaign Should Be Banned1185 Words   |  5 PagesEvery year, over billions of innocent animals, are dying, poisoned, and killed as a result of million experiments that are tested on them. These new experiments are not hundred percent guaranteed. However, these experiences may work with animals and give positive results, but when it tests back on the human, it gives the opposite results. The animal welfare campaign finds that testing new products on animals is an inhuman and a cruel thing and it should be stopped. So, they start making attacks aroundRead MoreThe Annual Yulin Dog Meat Eating Festival1018 Words   |  5 Pagespopular topic of discussion for Animal Rights Activists in the last few months. This festival consists of thousands of dogs ... be[ing] butchered, beaten to death, skinned alive and eaten, every June, a tradition that has happened for many years ( STOP THE YULIN, 2014). This petition on Change.org has raised over 4,355,743 signatures as of today, even though the festival for this year has already occurred. This type of support is monumental, but what abo ut the animals that are tested on in UnitedRead MoreHow Do The Contributions Of Animal Testing To Global Medical1309 Words   |  6 Pagescontributions of animal testing to global medical science justify whether or not it should be banned? According to the Humane Society International (HSI), animal testing or animal experimentation for medical research refers to the experimentation on live animals for the purposes of investigation on diseases, medical treatments, or fundamental biology. Charles Gross, a former member of the History of Neuroscience committee of the global Society for Neuroscience, states that animals were used for improvingRead MoreAn Inside Look at Animal Experimentation Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pageseveryone remember their very first animal? Remember the puppy’s sweet and perfect eyes, the kitten’s soft and comforting â€Å"meow†, or perhaps even a hamster and their playful and enthusiastic personality? These loving, innocent, precious animals are used daily on animal experimentation. With each and every chemical-related product produced, experimentation is required before being released into stores; unfortunately, these tests are typically performed on blameless animals. Howeve r, just because testingRead MoreAnimal Testing For The Sole Benefit Of Humans979 Words   |  4 PagesFor years, there has been a debate regarding the use of animals in medical testing for the sole benefit of humans. Many people believe that testing on nonhuman animals solve the many issues that humans face, but most of the time animals are exploited and put through painful experimental processes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible alternatives to animal testing and the evaluate whether there is a reduction in animals being used for experiments. The author of this paper will examineRead MoreAnimal Rights : Where Are The Limits?1680 Words   |  7 PagesAdrianna Steele Dr. Beutel ENG 101 November 18, 2014 Animal Rights: Where Are The Limits? Do animals deserve the natural rights humans have? Animals are being kept captive in science labs to test many things. In research labs they are used to test many trivial products and they are also used in valuable medical research. Many animal right activists go as far as breaking the law as an attempt to get the point across about the wellbeing of animals in science labs instead of being civil about the mannerRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Is Unnecessary and Cruel Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesEvery year, millions of animals suffer through painful and unnecessary tests. Animals in laboratories all over the world live lives of deprivation, pain, isolation, and torture. Even though vast studies show that animal experimentation often lacks validity, leading to harmful human reactions, we still continue to use this method of experimentation, while many other less-expensive and more beneficial alternatives exist. Going beyond the issue of animal experimentation being morally wrong, this form

Alcoholic Beverage Free Essays

It is powerful and addictive this liquid is taken orally and often consumed in bundant quantities. Surveys say that adolescents and young adults are likely to drink. There are three basic types of alcoholic drinks are: Beer, Wine, Spirit. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholic Beverage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their difference is what each is made of and percentage of alcohol content. Beer is made from fermented grains and has 3 to 6 percent of alcohol content while is made from fermented fruits and have alcohol content of 11 to 14 percent. Spirits are made from fermented distilling products. It usually contains 40-50 percent of alcohol. American Council Education says 12 ounce glass of beer, 5 ounces of wine and 1. 5 ounce shots f spirits contains the same amount of alcohol. Beer, wine and spirit have the same potential for intoxication and addiction. When a person consumes alcohol the drug acts on nerve cells deep in the brain. These are the well known signs that a person is drunk: the smell of alcohol on breath, irritability, loss of physical coordination, violent behaviour, loss of balance, incoherent speech, loss of consciousness, slowed thinking, blackouts, and Euphoria, an extreme happiness. According to the American Psychiatric Association, (1994) that alcohol use is continued despite knowledge of aving a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by alcohol. Frequent binge drinking or getting severely drunk more than twice is classed as alcohol misuse. According to research done through international surveys, the heaviest drinkers happen to be the United Kingdom’s adolescent generation. Alcohol abuse affects about 10% of women and 20% of men in the United States, most beginning by their mid-teens. In Antipolo City, Philippines, many teenagers are now facing the problems of being addicted to alcoholic beverages. One major cause is depression and family problems. Teenagers who are facing this kind of problem suffer in terms of heath like disorders in their eating habits. Other illnesses and diseases which they may have are liver cancer, migraines, and various sicknesses associated with their physiques. Where an alcoholic has experienced a sense of withdrawal in the same time period. According to http://www. sciencedaily. com/articles /a/alcoholism. tm alcoholism is the consumption of preoccupation with alcoholic beverage to the extent that this behaviour interferes. The chronic alcohol caused by alcoholism can result in sychological or physiological disorder. It is also called world’s mostly drug use problems. Alcoholism is often progressive diseases says Ehrlich (2011). A person who is alcoholic typically craves for alcohol and drink and increases his tolerance for alcoh ol stated by Stoppler (2011) For this reason according to Langham (2010) they are causes of teen alcoholism depend on genetics and life experienced. Teens begin drinking before the age 15 according to Butler (2006) are more likely to develop a dependency on alcohol than those who begin drinking 21 years old. According to Langham (2010) following reason of alcoholism in teens is: Genetics or Family History, meaning a teenager comes from families who its family members are addictive in or emotional abuse in home but also in school. Another basis of alcoholism in teens is peer pressure, teens experience this kind of reason when a teenager feels that she or he is not accepted because there is something wrong to his or her personality or maybe he or she becomes alcoholic because of friends. Lack of parental support is one of the sources, teenager who regularly experiences this kind of trait is a person ho regularly experience harsh discipline, criticism, hostility and rejection of his or her parents and the foremost reason of alcoholism in teens is depression, a teenager convince himself or herself that alcohol will take away his or her sadness and make her feel better stated by Boyles (2012). If its so, this causes may lead to some teenagers in different dangerous effect like: decreasing of paying attention, difficulties in memory, drunk driving, suicide attempt, engaged in sexual activity , poor hygiene, breaking curfews, Hiding in their room, becoming verbally or physically busive toward others according to Palmera (2009)To understand teenagers. Parekh (2009) says that parents seek for understanding; they must always use the open communication for teens. To care by letting them be who they are, gaining the trust of the adolescent. How to cite Alcoholic Beverage, Papers

Downfall Of An Archaic Society Essay Research free essay sample

Downfall Of An Archaic Society Essay, Research Paper Downfall of an Archaic Society Life is fickle and most people will be a victim of circumstance and the times. Some people choose non to allow circumstance govern them and, as they say, clip delaies for no adult male. William Faulkner # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; A Rose For Emily # 8221 ; is about a? fallen memorial? , Miss Emily Grierson, who chooses to decease with her out-of-date beliefs ( 87 ) . Miss Emily lives during the Post-Civil War in a town, which is altering into the New South. Miss Emily did non hold the single assurance, or possibly self-esteem and self-worth, to believe that she could stand-alone and win at life particularly in the face of altering times. Corruptness is apparent throughout the full narrative, but hardly clings as new city managers and aldermen snip at the loose strings. With her male parent # 8217 ; s decease it becomes apparent that Miss Emily # 8217 ; s desire for the yesteryear is the cardinal factor in her life. No thirster does she venture out but instead isolates herself from the town, which has become an # 8220 ; eyesore among eyesores # 8221 ; as it excessively attempts to keep its old image ( 88 ) . Standing as the exclusive representative of southern heritage, Miss Emily segregates herself, preserves her values and has a desire to be rescued by a lover to continue her traditional beliefs in a changing society. After the decease of her male parent, Miss Emily segregates herself from the germinating universe around her. In her young person Miss Emily was vivacious, being the girl of a rich blue blood she carried herself superior because she knew she was of a high societal category. Emily carries her ego with self-respect and people give her that regard, based from fright of what Emily could make to them. Emily denies the fact that her male parent dies, and resists the efforts of the town? s people to continue with the funeral. When Miss Emily holds on to the cadaver of her male parent, she is in kernel keeping on to the corruptness of the Old South, and decease. Miss Emily lives for many old ages as a hermit, person who has withdrawn from a community to populate in privacy. # 8220 ; No visitant had passed since she ceased giving china-painting lessons eight or ten old ages earlier # 8221 ; ( 93 ) . Faulkner characterizes Miss Emily # 8217 ; s try to take herself from society through her a ctions. The decease of her male parent and the tattered relationship with her sweetie contributed to her privacy. Miss Emily, like the crumpling town, is a victim of the traditional values she tries to continue. At the clip of her male parent # 8217 ; s decease, the city manager, Colonel Sartoris, remitted her revenue enhancements. When the following coevals of alder adult male comes, they attempt to direct Miss Emily a revenue enhancement notice. She sends the new city manager a note on a paper of â€Å"archaic form, in a thin flowing penmanship in bleached ink† ( 89 ) . The paper is an first-class description of Miss Emily, archaic, and attenuation. When the aldermen come to her house to roll up her revenue enhancements she is seen as bloated, â€Å"like a organic structure long submerged in motionless water†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( 92 ) . Not merely is this symbolic of decease, but the? unseeable ticker? , which is hidden in her apparels, portrays her as being lost in clip ( 91 ) . The Negro adult male who waits on her is the lone mark of life that the town? s people can see. And possibly he is because despite the fact that Miss Emily is still physically alive, she is mentally inactive. Everything new that comes along is yet another blow to her fading being. Miss Emily rejects everything that is new, even the free postal bringing. Miss Emily might desire privacy, but her bosom lingers for company. Homer is a Forman for a route building company ; Faulkner writes, # 8220 ; a chief named Homer Barron, a Yankee a large, dark, ready adult male, with a large voice and eyes lighter than his face # 8221 ; ( 90 ) . Emily wanted to be loved, and she was determined that Homer would be her true love to deliver her from fright, fright of being entirely. Indeed Emily took a great liking to Homer, but Homer? s feelings about the relationship were different. When she was threatened with abandonment and shame, she non merely took safety but her desire for love and company drove her to slay Homer Baron. In relation to maintaining her male parent? s organic structure, she keeps Homer Barron? s organic structure so long because she feels that she has eventually accomplished something in her life. Throughout the narrative, Miss Emily isolates herself so she does non hold to confront the altering society, which surrounds her. Gradually she is driven into the shadows as the Old South transforms into the new. The new coevals is overpowering for Miss Emily who can make nil but literally keep on to past by denying her male parents decease and maintaining his cadaver. She is besides forgotten by the new coevals when they no longer travel to her for china-painting lessons. Miss Emily doesn? Ts do the best with her chances. She has given up on the universe and so she withdrew into her ain small universe. In the terminal, it is clip, which brings down Miss Emily, and everything for which she stood for. Faulkner, William: ? A Rose For Emily? . Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing. 4th Edition Ed. Eds. Laurie G. Kirszner, and Stephen R. Mandell. New York: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001. 87-94.